Understanding Operators in C++

Operators in C++ are essential for manipulating data, controlling program flow, and performing various computations. Let's explore different categories of operators and their practical applications with code examples.

Arithmetic Operator in C++

Arithmetic operators in C++ are used to perform basic mathematical operations on variables. These operations include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 4;

    // Addition
    int sum = a + b;
    cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;

    // Subtraction
    int difference = a - b;
    cout << "Difference: " << difference << endl;

    // Multiplication
    int product = a * b;
    cout << "Product: " << product << endl;

    // Division
    int quotient = a / b;
    cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << endl;

    // Modulus
    int remainder = a % b;
    cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << endl;

    return 0;
}

Logical Operator in C++

Logical operators in C++ are used to combine or modify conditions in control statements like if, while, and for. The main logical operators are logical AND (&&), logical OR (||), and logical NOT (!).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int age = 25;
    bool isStudent = false;

    // Logical AND (&&)
    if (age > 18 && !isStudent) {
        cout << "Eligible for voting." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Not eligible for voting." << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Comparison Operator in C++

Comparison operators in C++ are used to compare two values and determine their relationship. These operators include equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (>=), and less than or equal to (<=).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int x = 10, y = 20;

    // Equal to (==)
    if (x == y) {
        cout << "x is equal to y" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "x is not equal to y" << endl;
    }

    // Less than (<)
    if (x < y) {
        cout << "x is less than y" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Assignment Operator in C++

Assignment operators in C++ are used to assign values to variables. The basic assignment operator is =. C++ also supports compound assignment operators such as +=, -=, *=, /=, and %=.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int num = 10;

    // Compound assignment (+=)
    num += 5;   // equivalent to num = num + 5;
    cout << "num: " << num << endl;

    // Compound assignment (*=)
    num *= 2;   // equivalent to num = num * 2;
    cout << "num: " << num << endl;

    return 0;
}

Bitwise Operator in C++

Bitwise operators in C++ are used for manipulation of bits at the binary level. Common bitwise operators include bitwise AND (&), bitwise OR (|), bitwise XOR (^), bitwise NOT (~), left shift (<<), and right shift (>>).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    unsigned int a = 5;  // binary: 0000 0101
    unsigned int b = 9;  // binary: 0000 1001
    unsigned int result;

    // Bitwise AND (&)
    result = a & b;
    cout << "a & b: " << result << endl;

    // Bitwise OR (|)
    result = a | b;
    cout << "a | b: " << result << endl;

    // Bitwise XOR (^)
    result = a ^ b;
    cout << "a ^ b: " << result << endl;

    // Bitwise NOT (~)
    result = ~a;
    cout << "~a: " << result << endl;

    // Left shift (<<)
    result = a << 1;
    cout << "a << 1: " << result << endl;

    // Right shift (>>)
    result = b >> 1;
    cout << "b >> 1: " << result << endl;

    return 0;
}

Conclusion 🌟

Understanding these operators is fundamental to mastering C++ programming. Whether you are performing arithmetic calculations, combining conditions, comparing values, assigning variables, or manipulating bits, operators in C++ provide powerful tools to efficiently handle various programming tasks. By practicing with these examples, programmers can enhance their proficiency in using operators effectively in C++ applications.

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